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Flight Operations Risk Assessment Checklist - Active Runway Crossing
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| Article Information | ||
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| Category: | Safety Management | 
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| Content source: | SKYbrary | 
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| Content control: | EUROCONTROL | 
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Contents |
Description
The Risk of aircraft ground collision may arise because of errors by either ATC or Flight Crew. This Checklist is designed to ensure that the opportunities for an aircraft operator to mitigate that risk from whatever origin are fully considered and their flight crew placed in the best possible position to deal with their own errors or those of others. It is a sub-set of the general risk of Runway Incursion which has been demonstrated to considerably raise the chances of one occurring.
Flight Operations Risk Assessment Checklist - Active Runway Crossing
(this assessment should be carried out periodically to ensure the output is modified as circumstances change)
1. Establish a flight crew procedure which assures the identification of active runways which may be crossed during taxiing for departure, or after landing, or during take off or landing
2. Identify and publish to flight crew a list of all routinely-used airports (including designated alternates) where the ground crossing of an active runway is a possibility, or where intersecting runways are simultaneously active.
3. Consider introducing a flight crew SOP to help pilots establish the possibility of taxiing across active runways, or simultaneous use of intersecting active runways at airports not on the ‘routinely-used’ list. Where such possibility is established, include a briefing SOP requirement to acknowledge the fact and the need for caution.
4. State in Flight Crew SOP whether LAHSO clearances are to be accepted by day or H24 or not at all. Even if such clearances are not to be accepted, it will still be necessary to establish those airports/runways which use this system so that crews can be made aware of the prospect of getting take off or taxi clearances which may be based upon a LAHSO clearance accepted by other aircraft.
5. Ensure that awareness is gained and communicated to flight crews of the circumstances under which intersecting runways or “closely spaced” parallel runways are active simultaneously.
6. Ensure that the Company Operations Manual contains clear guidance on any exceptions to the ‘normal’ circumstances of ATS ground control, in which each active runway has a dedicated responsible controller separate from controllers responsible for ground movements away from active runways
7. Establish a specific flight crew SOP for confirming active runway status and accomplishing active runway crossings which takes account of:
- Prevailing visibility conditions
- The existence or otherwise of ATC controlled H24 illuminated stop bars at all runway entry points
- The use of TCAS to check for other traffic just before entering a runway
- The requirement that any potential active runway crossings shall be included in interactive flight crew pre departure or approach briefings
- A requirement for PNF to monitor RTF for possible conflicts
- A requirement for a positive visual check (in one or both directions as appropriate) before crossing an active runway
8. Related SOPs to be checked for clarity:
- Requirement to ascertain any airport runway WIP (Work in Progress) and consider it’s effects on intended and potential aircraft ground movement
- PNF responsibility for confirming aircraft ground position on an airport at all times and immediately alerting PF to any uncertainties
- LVP taxiing procedures include a requirement for positive and continuous tracking of aircraft position on the airport by both flight crew
- Both flight crew normally to monitor ATC throughout the taxi phase. If there is any uncertainty about an ATC clearance, then a request for a restatement of it in full shall be made without delay, if appropriate holding position when on the ground.
9. Ensure that there are procedures in place to ensure that the information promulgated to crews under item 2 above is kept under review by the Flight Operations Department
10. Establish two-way email contact between the Operator and the [Local Runway Safety Team]] (LRST) at every airport identified as having the potential for active runway crossing during taxi, or which simultaneously operates intersecting runways, so as to remain aware of their work and of relevant changes to procedures and facilities.
11. Review whether the overall ATS and Airport Operations circumstances at the airports identified warrant the designation of an airport as a Category ‘B’ (special company briefing) airport.