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Accident and Serious Incident Reports: WX

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Category: Weather Weather
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Definition

Reports relating to accidents and serious incidents which involved weather or related atmospheric conditions as a significant causal factor.

The reports are grouped together below in subcategories. Weather related events are mostly related to the occurrence or risk of a loss of control because of the effects of significant in flight icing or in flight turbulence. The turbulence case can involve en route or low level flight, the latter especially in respect of approach and landing. Many adverse weather events are associated with Cumulonimbus cloud or phenomena associated with them such as the occurrence of Hail, Microbursts or Tornados:

In-Flight Airframe Icing

  • CVLT, en-route, Kapiti Coast New Zealand, 2003 (WX LOC) (On 3 October 2003, a Convair 580 on a scheduled night freight flight from Christchurch to Palmerston North, was observed on radar to enter a tightening left turn and disappear while descending through an area of severe icing. The aircraft impacted the sea vertically and at high speed.)
  • CL60, Almaty Kazakstan, 2007 (LOC HF WX FIRE) (On 26 December 2007, a Bombardier CL 604 Challenger being operated by Germany Company Jet Connection Business Flight on a private charter flight from Almaty to Macao took off at night into icing conditions from a 4398m runway which was covered by dry snow and roll control was lost just after beginning rotation. The aircraft wing tip impacted the runway surface and the aircraft subsequently crashed through the perimeter fence, the fuselage broke into three pieces and a fire started. The co pilot was killed and the other three occupants sustained serious injuries.)
  • JS41, en-route, North West of Aberdeen UK, 2008 (HF GND WX LOC) (On 9 April 2008, an Eastern Airways BAe Jetstream 41 operating a passenger charter flight departed Aberdeen for Vagar, Faroe Islands in snow and freezing conditions, but had not been de-iced and anti-iced appropriately. During the flight the crew experienced difficulties controlling the aircraft. Descent into warmer air was initiated after an emergency was declared.)
  • AT43, en-route, Folgefonna Norway, 2005 (WX LOC) (On 14 September 2005, an ATR 42-320 operated by Coast Air AS experienced a continuous build up of ice in the climb, despite the activation of de-icing systems aircraft entered an uncontrolled roll and lost 1500ft in altitude. The crew initiated recovery actions, the aircraft was stabilised, and the flight continued without further event.)
  • ATP, en-route, Oxford UK, 1991 (WX LOC HF) (On 11 August 1991, an British Aerospace ATP, during climb to flight level (FL) 160 in icing conditions, experienced a significant degradation of performance due to propeller icing accompanied by severe vibration that rendered the electronic flight instruments partially unreadable. As the aircraft descended below cloud, control was regained and the flight continued uneventfully.)
  • … further results


In-Flight Icing - Piston Engine

  • C172, Toronto Canada, 2003 (WX HF) (On 9th October 2003, a Cessna 172, suffered loss of power and made a forced landing after experiencing Carburettor Icing, over Toronto, Canada)
  • C404, Kulusuk Greenland, 2002 (WX LOC HF) (On 1 August 2002, a Cessna 404, en-route at FL130 over Greenland, experienced sudden power loss on both engines, probably as a result of ice in the induction systems, leading to loss of control. The crew regained control at 3000 feet.)


In-Flight Icing - Turbine Engine

  • SH36, vicinity Marsa Brega Libya, 2000 (WX HF LOC) (On 13 January 2000, a Shorts SD3-60 suffered a double engine failure on approach to Marsa Brega, Libya, attributed to failure to use engine anti-icing during flight in icing conditions. The aircraft ditched into the sea and was destroyed by impact forces.)
  • ATP, en-route, Oxford UK, 1991 (WX LOC HF) (On 11 August 1991, an British Aerospace ATP, during climb to flight level (FL) 160 in icing conditions, experienced a significant degradation of performance due to propeller icing accompanied by severe vibration that rendered the electronic flight instruments partially unreadable. As the aircraft descended below cloud, control was regained and the flight continued uneventfully.)
  • F70, vicinity Munich Germany, 2004 (AW WX LOC RE) (On 5 January 2004, a Fokker 70, operated by Austrian Airlines, carried out a forced landing in a field 2.5 nm short of Munich Runway 26L following loss of thrust from both engines due to icing.)
  • B752, en-route, Central Mauritania, 2010 (WX LOC AW) (On 25 August 2010, a Boeing 757-200 being operated by UK airline Astraeus on a passenger flight from Freetown Sierra Leone to London Heathrow was in the cruise at night in IMC at FL370 when vibration levels on both engines increased. When the prescribed ice shedding drill was followed, one engine malfunctioned and vibration on the other remained abnormally high and so a MAYDAY was declared and a diversion to Nouakchott, Mauritania was made without further event. None of the 103 occupants were injured and there was no engine damage.)


En Route In-Cloud Air Turbulence

  • A332, en-route, Atlantic Ocean, 2009 (LOC HF AW WX) (On 1 June 2009, an Airbus A330-200 being operated by Air France on a scheduled passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris CDG exited controlled flight and crashed into the sea with the loss of the aircraft and all 228 occupants.)
  • A333, en-route, Kota Kinabalu Malaysia, 2009 (WX) (On 22 June 2009, an Airbus A330-300 being operated by Qantas on a scheduled passenger flight from Hong Kong to Perth encountered an area of severe convective turbulence in night IMC in the cruise at FL38038,000 feet 11.582 km and 10 of the 209 occupants sustained minor injuries and the aircraft suffered minor internal damage. The injuries were confined to passengers and crew who were not seated at the time of the incident. After consultations with ground medical experts, the aircraft commander determined that the best course of action was to complete the flight as planned, and this was uneventful.)
  • A321, en-route, Vienna Austria, 2003 (WX LB LOC) (On 26th May 2003, a British Midland A321 suffered severe damage from hail en route near Vienna.)
  • DHC2, Squaw Lake Quebec Canada, 2005 (WX LOC HF) (On 1st September 2005, a DHC-2 Beaver, crashed near Squaw Lake, Quebec, Canada, following loss of control in poor weather and moderate to severe turbulence.)


Hail Damage

  • A321, en-route, Gimpo South Korea, 2006 (WX LOC HF AW) (On 9 June 2006, an Airbus 321-100, operated by Asiana Airlines, encountered a thunderstorm accompanied by Hail around 20 miles southeast of Anyang VOR at an altitude of 11,500 ft, while descending for an approach to Gimpo Airport. The radome was detached and the cockpit windshield was cracked due to impact with Hail.)
  • A321, en-route, Vienna Austria, 2003 (WX LB LOC) (On 26th May 2003, a British Midland A321 suffered severe damage from hail en route near Vienna.)


Volcanic Ash Effects

  • B744, en-route, Alaska USA, 1989 (WX LOC) (On 15th December 1989, a KLM Boeing 747 encountered a Volcanic Ash cloud over Alaska, USA. the ingestion of ash led to compressor stall of all engines; the engines were subsequently relighted successfully and the aircraft landed safely.)
  • B742, en-route, Mount Galunggung Indonesia, 1982 (WX LOC) (On 24 June 1982, a British Airways Boeing 747-200 lost power on all four engines while flying at night at FL370 en route from Kuala Lumpur to Perth. During the ensuing sixteen minutes, the aircraft descended without power from FL370 to FL120, at which point the flight crew were able to successfully restart engines one, two and four after which an en route diversion was made to Jakarta.)


Sand/Dust Storm

  • A320, Khartoum Sudan, 2005 (WX CFIT HF) (On 11 March 2005, an Airbus A321-200 operated by British Mediterranean Airways, executed two unstable approaches below applicable minima in a dust storm to land in Khartoum Airport, Sudan. The crew were attempting a third approach when they received information from ATC that visibility was below the minimum required for the approach and they decided to divert to Port Sudan where the A320 landed without further incident.)


Fog

  • MD87 / C525, Milan Linate, 2001 (WX RI FIRE HF) (On 8th October 2001, in thick fog at Milan Linate airport, Italy, an MD87 on its take-off roll collided with a Cessna Citation which had taxied onto the active runway. All 114 occupants of both aircraft, and 4 personnel on the ground, were killed.)
  • A343, Nairobi Kenya, 2008 (WX RE) (On 27 April 2008 an Airbus A340-300 being operated by Virgin Atlantic on a scheduled passenger flight from London had carried out a night auto ILS approach to Runway 06, Nairobi airport, Kenya. Just prior to touchdown, The aircraft entered an area of fog and the PF lost sight of the right side of the runway and the runway lights. The landing was rejected and a diversion to the nomiated alternate was made.)
  • B742 / B741, Los Rodeos Tenerife, 1977 (RI AGC WX) (On 27 March 1977, a KLM B747-200 commenced its daylight take off at Los Rodeos airport, Tenerife in very poor visibility, recorded as 300 metres three minutes earlier, after receiving only a departure clearance and continuing the take off roll even after ATC advised "standby for take off". Collision with a Pan American Airways Boeing 747-100 which was taxiing on the runway in accordance with its ATC clearance issued on the same radio frequency. All 248 people on board the KLM aircraft died and only 61 of the 396 people on board the Pan American aircraft survived.)
  • S61, vicinity Bødo Norway, 2008 (CFIT HF WX) (On 24 February 2008, a Sikorsky S-61N being operated by British International Helicopters on a passenger flight from Værøy to Bødo attempted a visual approach at destination in day IMC and came close to unseen terrain before accepting an offer of assistance from ATC to achieve an ILS approach to runway 07 without further event. None of the 18 occupants were injured.)
  • DHC6, vicinity Oksibil Indonesia, 2009 (CFIT WX HF) (On 2 August 2009 a DHC-6 being operated by Merpati Nusantara Airlines on a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Sentani to Oksibil in West Papua in daylight and on a VFR Flight Plan was in collision with terrain 6nm from destination resulting in the destruction of the aircraft and the death of all 15 occupants.)
  • … further results


Clear Air Turbulence

  • B741, en-route, Pacific Ocean, 1997 (WX) (On 28th December 1997, a Boeing 747-100 being operated by United Airlines, which had departed from Tokyo for Hawaii, encountered severe turbulence thought to have been associated with a Jet Stream over the Pacific Ocean.)


Precipitation-limited In Flight Vision

  • B743, vicinity Won Guam Airport, Guam, 1997 (CFIT HF WX) (On 6 August 1997, Korean Air flight 801, a Boeing 747-300, crashed at night at Nimitz Hill, 3 miles southwest of Won Guam International Airport, Agana, Guam while on final approach for runway 6 Left. Of the 254 persons on board, 228 were killed, and 23 passengers and 3 flight attendants survived the accident with serious injuries.)
  • SB20, Werneuchen Germany, 2002 (RE HF WX) (On 10 July 2002, a Saab 2000 being operated by Swiss Air Lines on a scheduled public transport service from Basel to Hamburg encountered extensive thunderstorms affecting both the intended destination and the standard alternates and due to a shortage of fuel completed the flight with a landing in day VMC at an unmanned general aviation airstrip where the aircraft collided with an unseen obstruction. After the aircraft came to a stop with the landing gear torn off, the two cabin crew conducted the passenger evacuation on their own initiative. There was no fire and only one of the 20 occupants was injured. The aircraft was declared a hull loss due to the damage sustained relative to the location.)
  • B752, Girona Spain, 1999 (WX RE HF) (On 14th September 1999, a Britannia Airways Boeing 757 crash landed and departed the runway after a continued unstabilised approach in bad weather to Girona airport, Spain.)
  • B744 / MD90, Chitose Japan, 2008 (RI AGC WX) (On 16 February 2008, during daylight and in poor visibility, a Boeing 747-400, operated by Japan Airlines, was holding on a taxiway next to runway 01R of New Chitose Airport, Japan. A Douglas MD-90-30 operated by the same airline landed on the same runway and was still on the runway when the B747 was cleared to line up and wait. Shortly after lineup the B747 began its takeoff roll without receiving such clearance and subsequently was instructed to abort the takeoff. The crew of the B747 successfully rejected the takeoff.)
  • B744, Bangkok Thailand, 1999 (RE HF WX) (On 23 September 1999, a Boeing 747-400 being operated by Qantas on a scheduled passenger service from Sydney Australia to Bangkok overran Runway 21L during an attempted night landing in normal visibility and came to a halt substantially intact 320 metres beyond the runway end. There was no fire and a precautionary evacuation of the aircraft was not begun until 20 minutes after it came to rest. Only minor injuries were sustained by 38 of the 410 occupants, some during the initial runway excursion, others as a consequence of the evacuation. The aircraft remained substantially intact during the overrun although the nose landing gear and one main landing gear separated. The picture below, taken from the Official Accident Report, shows the aircraft in its final stopping position.)
  • … further results


Strong Surface Winds

  • B735, Denver USA, 2008 (WX HF RE FIRE) (Runway Side Excursion During Attempted Take-off in Strong and Gusty Crosswind Conditions.)
  • MD82, Little Rock USA, 1999 (WX RE FIRE HF) (On 1 June 1999, an MD82 belonging to American Airlines, overran the end of the runway during landing. The captain and 10 passengers were killed.)
  • B737, Chicago Midway USA, 2005 (RE HF WX) (Aircraft made a tailwind landing on a slippery Runway 31C and ran off the end of the runway.)
  • SB20, Werneuchen Germany, 2002 (RE HF WX) (On 10 July 2002, a Saab 2000 being operated by Swiss Air Lines on a scheduled public transport service from Basel to Hamburg encountered extensive thunderstorms affecting both the intended destination and the standard alternates and due to a shortage of fuel completed the flight with a landing in day VMC at an unmanned general aviation airstrip where the aircraft collided with an unseen obstruction. After the aircraft came to a stop with the landing gear torn off, the two cabin crew conducted the passenger evacuation on their own initiative. There was no fire and only one of the 20 occupants was injured. The aircraft was declared a hull loss due to the damage sustained relative to the location.)
  • E145, Hanover Germany, 2005 (RE HF WX) (On 14 August 2005, an Embraer 145 being operated by British Airways Regional on a scheduled passenger flight from Birmingham to Hannover overran the wet landing runway by 160 metres in normal visibility after flying a daylight ILS approach with the approach lights visible from about 4 nm. There was no fire and only one of the 49 occupants received minor injuries. The aircraft suffered only minor damage.)
  • … further results


Lightning Damage

  • D228, Bodo Norway, 2003 (WX LOC) (On 4th December 2003, a Dornier-228 approaching Bodo, Norway, was struck by Lightning and suffered damage to the elevator control. The crew were temporarily blinded and momentarily lost control of the aircraft but managed to crash land just short of the runway threshold.)
  • B752, Girona Spain, 1999 (WX RE HF) (On 14th September 1999, a Britannia Airways Boeing 757 crash landed and departed the runway after a continued unstabilised approach in bad weather to Girona airport, Spain.)


Low Level Windshear


Related Articles

For all accident reports held on SKYbrary, see the main section on Accident Reports.

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